This Standard of Practice (“SOP”) defines the methodology, interpretation framework, limitations, and reporting protocols utilized by Origin Industries, LLC (“Origin”) when performing Guided Ultrasonic Wave Testing (“GUWT”) on metallic or ferromagnetic structural members.

This SOP applies to all surfaces and components tested by Origin using GUWT methodology, including but not limited to:

• Embedded structural elements

• Anchor rods

• Structural steel members

• Tank floors and walls

• Pipes and tubular members

• Guy wires and tensioned components

• Foundations or surface-mounted metallic components

GUWT services provided by Origin constitute non-destructive examination and analytical interpretation only.

GUWT is a signal-based diagnostic method that evaluates reflected wave behavior within a metallic member. All findings represent analytical interpretations of signal response and do not constitute direct physical measurement of material loss.

Reported Cross-Sectional Change percentages (“CSC%”) or other quantified indicators are:

• Derived from signal amplitude, reflection timing, and frequency response

• Modeled using Origin’s proprietary interpretation thresholds

• Estimated values based on indirect wave behavior

CSC% and related findings are signal indications only and should not be interpreted as confirmed physical section loss unless independently verified through physical exposure or destructive validation.

GUWT results do not guarantee structural integrity, load capacity, or remaining service life.

Origin performs GUWT examinations using the following general protocol:

Surface Preparation and Visual Assessment

The intended coupling surface is cleaned and visually inspected to remove debris, coatings, corrosion products, or contaminants that may impair signal transmission.

Sensor Coupling

A guided wave transducer is mechanically coupled to the test surface using appropriate coupling media and attachment methods to ensure signal continuity.

Raw Signal Validation

Prior to formal data capture, Origin personnel verify:

• Adequate mechanical coupling

• Acceptable noise floor levels

• Appropriate frequency selection and threshold settings

• Signal clarity and repeatability

If signal integrity does not meet internal reliability standards, testing may be paused, adjusted, or discontinued.

Data Acquisition

Controlled ultrasonic waveforms are introduced into the tested member and reflected responses are captured.

Data Analysis

Collected data is processed using Origin’s proprietary analytical framework, including:

• Frequency modeling

• Amplitude interpretation

• Time-of-flight evaluation

• Signal attenuation assessment

• Proprietary CSC% threshold modeling

Reporting

Findings are documented in a written report identifying signal indications, estimated severity classifications, and recommended next steps where applicable.

All signal interpretation methodologies, CSC% modeling, classification thresholds, and analytical processes are proprietary to Origin Industries, LLC.

Only formal written reports issued by Origin constitute official findings. Raw data, waveform captures, or third-party reinterpretations are not binding and shall not be relied upon without written confirmation from Origin.

GUWT provides analytical condition indications only.

For any reported signal indication, CSC%, or classification to be considered confirmed:

• Verification must be performed by authorized Origin personnel; and

• Verification must occur within thirty (30) calendar days of the original field data acquisition.

Verification may include, but is not limited to:

• Visual exposure

• Excavation

• Mechanical measurement

• Ultrasonic spot measurement

• Direct physical inspection

If verification is not performed within thirty (30) days:

• Environmental conditions, corrosion progression, mechanical loading, or site modifications may materially alter the condition of the tested member;

• The original GUWT indication shall not be considered current, confirmed, or binding;

• Origin assumes no responsibility for reliance upon unverified findings beyond the thirty-day period.

GUWT is subject to inherent technical limitations, including but not limited to:

• Variations in geometry

• Material composition differences

• Coating conditions

• Soil properties

• Embedded interfaces

• External interference

• Mechanical loading states

• Environmental conditions

GUWT does not:

• Replace engineered design review

• Certify compliance with codes or regulations

• Guarantee structural performance

• Eliminate the need for physical inspection when warranted

Any decisions regarding repair, reinforcement, excavation, replacement, or continued operation remain solely the responsibility of the asset owner or its designated engineering authority.

Unless otherwise specified in writing:

• Findings are valid only as of the date of field data acquisition.

• Conditions may change immediately after testing.

• Origin does not warrant future performance or condition.

Reports are prepared exclusively for the contracting client and for the specific asset tested. No third party may rely upon a report without express written consent from Origin.

Unauthorized alteration, redistribution, or reinterpretation of findings is prohibited.

Origin’s services are limited to signal-based non-destructive examination and analytical interpretation as described herein.

Origin shall not be responsible for:

• Hidden conditions not detectable by guided wave methods

• Changes in condition occurring after testing

• Independent third-party interpretations

• Decisions made without required verification

• Consequential or indirect damages arising from reliance on unverified data

Liability, if any, shall be limited to the scope of services provided under written contract.